Branches of Biology

1. What is "Anatomy"?

Study of the structure of living things and their parts

2. What is "Astrobiology"?

Study of the living universe

3. What is "Biotechnology"?

Study of technology related to biology

4. What is "Botany"?

Scientific study of plants

5. What is "Biochemistry"?

Study of chemical processes within or related to living organisms

6. What is "Biophysics"?

Study of physical processes and phenomena in living organisms

7. What is "Bionics"?

Study of mechanical systems that work like living things or as part of a living organism

8. What is "Bioinformatics"?

Study of interpreting biological information through computer science

9. What is "Cell Biology"?

Study of cell structure and functions

10. What is "Chemical Biology"?

Study of the use of chemistry to solve biological problems

11. What is "Computational Biology"?

Study of using biological information to develop algorithms to comprehend biological systems

12. What is "Conservation Biology"?

Study of environmental conservation and biodiversity on the earth

13. What is "Chronobiology"?

Study of effects of time on biological events as well as internal biological rhythms and clocks

14. What is "Developmental Biology"?

Study of the growth and development processes of plants and animals

15. What is "Evolutionary Biology"?

Study of evolutionary processes and diversification and adaptation of life over time

16. What is "Ecology"?

Study of how organisms and how interact with the environment around them

17. What is "Environmental Biology"?

Study of evolution, habitats and adaptations of living organisms

18. What is "Genetics"?

Study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in living beings

19. What is "Geobiology"?

Study of how physical, chemical and biological processes influence each other in natural habitats

20. What is "Gerontology"?

Study of ageing, its physical, mental, social, psychological and cultural effects, etc.

21. What is "Human Biology"?

Study of human species, their evolution, genetics, heredity, anatomy and other aspects

22. What is "Human Genetics"?

Study of the human genome and transmission of genes from one generation to another

23. What is "Immunology"?

Study of the immune system in all organisms

24. What is "Lichenology"?

Study of Lichens

25. What is "Marine Biology"?

Study of marine organisms and marine life

26. What is "Mycology"?

Study of fungi

27. What is "Microbiology"?

Study of microorganisms, i.e. minute life-forms

28. What is "Molecular Biology"?

Study of chemical structures and biological processes of molecules

29. What is "Neurobiology"?

Study of nervous systems and cell functions

30. What is "Nutrition Science"?

Study of food, its nutrients and their effects on health and diseases

31. What is "Pathology"?

Study of disease or injury

32. What is "Physiology"?

Study of how the human body functions

33. What is "Paleobiology"?

Study of applied life science biology on the earth science palaeontology

34. What is "Phycology"?

Study of algae

35. What is "Parasitology"?

Study of parasites, their hosts and their relationships

36. What is "Plant Physiology"?

Study of plant function and behaviour, in terms of their inner structures and functions

37. What is "Photobiology"?

Study of beneficial or bad impact of light on living organisms

38. What is "Radiobiology"?

Study of ionizing radiation and its interactions with human beings

39. What is "Structural Biology"?

Study of the structure of biological molecules

40. What is "Soil Biology"?

Study of living organisms in the soil

41. What is "Systems Biology"?

Study of biological systems

42. What is "Taxonomy"?

Study of naming, classifying, arranging, and describing living organisms

43. What is "Virology"?

Study of viruses as well as virus diseases

44. What is "Zoology"?

Study of the plant kingdom

Types of Medical Doctors - Pt.III

1. What is the role of "Perinatologist"?

Specialized doctor concerned with the care of the fetus and complicated, high-risk pregnancies

2. What is the role of "Periodontist"?

Board-certified doctor specializing in oral health care

3. What is the role of "Physiatrist"?

Specializes in helping patients to recover function after trauma such as a stroke or surgery

4. What is the role of "Physical therapist"?

Specializes in the body's movement

5. What is the role of "Physiotherapist"?

Helps people affected by injury, illness, or disability through massage, heat treatment, stretch exercises, education, and advice

6. What is the role of "Plastic surgeon"?

Specialized medical doctors in surgery that improve a person’s outlook

7. What is the role of "Podiatrist"?

Foot specialist

8. What is the role of "Psychiatrist"?

Specialist in mental health

9. What is the role of "Psychiatrists"?

Specialize in mental health

10. What is the role of "Pulmonologists"?

Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illnesses

11. What is the role of "Radiologist"?

Uses medical imaging to identify and treat illnesses in both animals and humans. A variety of imaging methods, including X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET), fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are used to diagnose or treat disorders (MRI)

12. What is the role of "Radiologist"?

Specializes in imaging tests

13. What is the role of "Rheumatologist"?

Specialist in internal medicine of joints, muscles, and bones

14. What is the role of "Sleep disorders specialist"?

Specializing in the diagnosis & treatment of sleep-related disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (osa)

15. What is the role of "Spinal cord injury specialist"?

Specialists are rehabilitation medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of people with spinal cord injuries

16. What is the role of "Sports medicine specialist"?

Treatment of people who have injuries to their bones, muscles, joints, tendons, or ligaments that result from physical activity

17. What is the role of "Surgeon"?

Perform surgery

18. What is the role of "Thoracic surgeon"?

Specialized in chest, heart, and lung surgeries

19. What is the role of "Urologist"?

Function and treatment of the urinary system

20. What is the role of "Urologist"?

Specialize in diagnosing and treating disorders that affect the male and female urinary tract

21. What is the role of "Vascular surgeon"?

Specialize in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of diseases with the blood vessels

22. What is the role of "Veterinarian"?

Sometimes known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician, is a medical practitioner who treats illnesses, disorders, and injuries in animals that are not humans

Types of Medical Doctors - Pt.II

1. What is the role of "Medical geneticist"?

Trained in general medicine, genetic diagnosis, and treating patients with genetic disorders

2. What is the role of "Midwife"?

Helps women deliver babies in a natural way

3. What is the role of "Naturopath"?

Specializes in natural cures and remedies

4. What is the role of "Neonatologist"?

Type of pediatrician specializing in the medical care of infants, particularly critically ill premature and full-time infants

5. What is the role of "Nephrologist"?

Focuses on diseases of the kidneys

6. What is the role of "Neurologist"?

Brain specialist

7. What is the role of "Neurologists"?

Nervous system illnesses

8. What is the role of "Neurosurgeon"?

Operate and perform surgeries on the patient’s brain

9. What is the role of "Nuclear medicine specialist"?

Administer radioactive medicines to diagnose and treat specific conditions, including bone scans, lung perfusion scans, & hida scans for gallbladder function

10. What is the role of "Obstetrician"?

Specialist for pregnant women

11. What is the role of "Obstetrician/gynecologist"?

Infertility treatment, gynecological diseases, vaginal infections (vaginalitis), dysmenorrhoea, hysterectomy, pregnancy-related issues, cervix and uterus infections (including fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal), amenorrhoea (absent menstrual periods), and urinary incontinence

12. What is the role of "Occupational medicine specialist"?

Medical doctor trained in providing continuous care for injured workers and helping them get back to work

13. What is the role of "Occupational therapist"?

Specializes in workplace health

14. What is the role of "Oncologist"?

Tumour specialist, including cancer

15. What is the role of "Oncologist"?

It comes from the Greek word “onkos” which means “tumor” or “mass“, oncology is the branch of science that deals with cancers. So, oncologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, preventing, and treating cancer

16. What is the role of "Oncologists"?

Evaluate, diagnose, and treat cancer patients

17. What is the role of "Ophthalmologist"?

Provide eye care and perform oral surgery

18. What is the role of "Ophthalmologist"?

Specializes in eye diseases

19. What is the role of "Orthopedic surgeon"?

Treatment of disorders that affect the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles

20. What is the role of "Orthopedist"?

Treat musculoskeletal problems

21. What is the role of "Osteopath"?

Medical doctor who specializes in osteopathic medicine

22. What is the role of "Otolaryngologist"?

Work with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

23. What is the role of "Palliative care specialist"?

Sub-specialty of internal medicine that relieves suffering and improves the quality of life for patients with chronic, curable, or life-threatening diseases

24. What is the role of "Parasitologist"?

Deal with parasites (microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, worms, and insects) that could either live temporarily or permanently, on or inside the human body

25. What is the role of "Pathologist"?

Trained medical doctor who performs autopsies in examining tissue (such as a mole) and blood samples to diagnose a disease and produce a pathological report

26. What is the role of "Pediatrician"?

Medical treatment of newborns, children, and adolescents

Types of Medical Doctors

1. What is the role of "Allergist"?

Specializes in determining food and environmental allergies

2. What is the role of "Andrologist"?

Male equivalent of a gynecologist

3. What is the role of "Anesthesiologist"?

Specializes in pain prevention during surgery

4. What is the role of "Audiologists"?

Evaluates people who have hearing loss or other ear problems

5. What is the role of "Cardiac electrophysiologist"?

Cardiologist who is specialized in the heart’s electrical system

6. What is the role of "Cardiologist"?

Heart specialist

7. What is the role of "Cardiologists"?

Specialize in the treatment of heart disease

8. What is the role of "Cardiothoracic surgeon"?

Operates on the human body's chest-related organs

9. What is the role of "Chiropractor"?

Back specialist

10. What is the role of "Dentist"?

Focuses on the health of the teeth, gums, and other tissues in and around the mouth

11. What is the role of "Dentist"?

Tooth specialist

12. What is the role of "Dermatologist"?

Skin specialist

13. What is the role of "Dietician"?

Specialist in human nutrition

14. What is the role of "Emergency physician"?

Treatment in medical emergency

15. What is the role of "Endocrinologist"?

Treat patients with diabetes and thyroid problems

16. What is the role of "Ent specialists"?

Handle disorders and other concerns relating to the ear, nose, throat, and related head and neck areas

17. What is the role of "Epidemiologist"?

Prevent epidemics/pandemics from reoccurring

18. What is the role of "Fertility specialist"?

Helps people who have difficulty getting pregnant

19. What is the role of "Gastroenterologist"?

Manages the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver

20. What is the role of "General practitioner"?

Trained to provide healthcare to patients of any sex or age

21. What is the role of "Geriatrician"?

Takes care of older adults

22. What is the role of "Hematologist"?

Specialist in hematology, which is the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood-related diseases

23. What is the role of "Hepatologist"?

Study, prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases that affect the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas

24. What is the role of "Homeopathic doctor"?

Medical practitioner who treats with homeopathic medicines

25. What is the role of "Hyperbaric physician"?

Providing hyperbaric oxygen (hbo – higher pressure of oxygen than what we see in the air around us) to increase the oxygen flow in the body

26. What is the role of "Immunologist"?

Studies the physiological processes and functions of the body’s immune system

27. What is the role of "Infectious disease specialist"?

Treats and diagnoses complex infections such as hiv or tb

28. What is the role of "Intensivist"?

Specializing in training and treating critically ill patients in ICU (Intensive Care Unit)

29. What is the role of "Internal medicine specialist"?

Also called an internist, specializes in managing and treating chronic adult illnesses through non-surgical procedures like pain relievers and anesthetics

30. What is the role of "Massage therapist"?

Specializes in muscle relaxation

31. What is the role of "Maxillofacial surgeon / oral surgeon"?

Dentists trained in performing surgery on the mouth and jaw

32. What is the role of "Medical examiner"?

Publicly appointed government doctor specializing in forensic pathology and autopsies

Iron Alloys

 This is a list of iron alloys or alloys in which iron is usually the base metal.

 - Steel (carbon)

- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)

- AL-6XN

- Alloy 20

- Celestrium

- Marine-grade stainless steel

- Martensitic stainless steel

- Surgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)

- Silicon steel (silicon)

- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)

- Bulat steel

- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)

- Crucible steel

- Damascus steel

- HSLA steel

- High-speed steel

- Maraging steel

- Reynolds 531

- Wootz steel

- Anthracite iron (carbon)

- Cast iron (carbon)

- Pig iron (carbon)

- Wrought iron (carbon)

- Fernico (nickel, cobalt)

- Elinvar (nickel, chromium)

- Invar (nickel)

- Kovar (cobalt)

- Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)

- Ferroalloys

- Ferroboron

- Ferrochrome (chromium)

- Ferromagnesium

- Ferromanganese

- Ferromolybdenum

- Ferronickel

- Ferrophosphorus

- Ferrotitanium

- Ferrovanadium

- Ferrosilicon

Copper Alloys

 This is a list of copper alloys or alloys in which copper is usually the base metal.

 - Arsenical copper

- Beryllium copper (beryllium)

- Billon (silver)

- Brass (zinc)

- Calamine brass (zinc)

- Chinese silver (zinc)

- Dutch metal (zinc)

- Gilding metal (zinc)

- Muntz metal (zinc)

- Pinchbeck (zinc)

- Prince's metal (zinc)

- Tombac (zinc)

- Bronze (tin, aluminum or any other element)

- Aluminum bronze (aluminum)

- Arsenical bronze

- Bell metal (tin)

- Florentine bronze (aluminum or tin)

- Glucydur

- Guanin

- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)

- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)

- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)

- Speculum metal (tin)

- Constantan (nickel)

- Copper-tungsten (tungsten)

- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)

- Cunife (nickel, iron)

- Cupronickel (nickel)

- Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)

- Devarda's alloy (aluminum, zinc)

- Electrum (gold, silver)

- Hepatizon (gold, silver)

- Heusler alloy (manganese, tin)

- Manganin (manganese, nickel)

- Nickel silver (nickel)

- Nordic gold (aluminum, zinc, tin)

- Shakudo (gold)

- Tumbaga (gold)

Important Alloys

 

Alloy	Composition	Uses
Alnico	Al + Ni + Co	used for permanent magnets
Bell metal	Cu + Sn	For casting bells and statues.
Birmabright	Al + Mg + Mn	used in car bodies
Brass	Cu + Zn	In making utensils.
Bronze	Cu + Sn	In making coins, bell and utensils.
Delta metal	Cu + Zn + Fe	In making blades of aeroplane.
Duralumin	Al + Cu + Mg + Mn	For making utensils.
Dutch metal	Cu + Zn	In making artificial ornaments.
German Silver	Cu + Zn + Ni	In making utensils.
Gun Metal	Cu + Sn + Zn + Pb	In making guns, barrels, gears and bearings.
Hydronalium	Al + Mg + Mn	used in shipbuilding
Magnalium	Al + Mg	used in airplane bodies, ladders etc.
Melchior	Cu + Ni	high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications
Monel metal	Cu + Ni	For base containing container.
Munz metal	Cu + Zn	In making coins.
Nickel steel	Fe + Ni	For making electrical wire, automobile parts.
Rolled Gold	Cu + Al	In making cheap ornaments.
Rose metal	Bi + Pb + Sn	For making automatic fuse.
Solder	Pb + Sn	For soldering.
Stainless steel	Fe + Cr + Ni + C	For making utensils and surgical cutlery.
Type metal	Sn + Pb + Sb	In printing industry.
Wood's metal	Bi + Pb + Sn + Cd