Jainism - Pt II

1. Mahavira did not believe in existence of __. The supreme principle of Jain living is __. Its professional religious people are __ and have no priest

God; non violence (ahimsa); monks and nuns

2. Which tirthankar was portrayed by Tulsidas as god?

Parshvanath

3. Tri ratnas of Jainism are __

Samyak gyan, samyak darshan, samyak acharan

4. Where did Mahavira met Ghoshala?

Nalanda

5. Who wrote Nirukitis, doctrine of Jainism?

Bhadrabahu

6. Where were Jain works compiled?

Vallabhi

7. Biography of tirthankara is called __

Kalpasutra

8. Ashoka’s grandson __ accepted Jainism. In first century AD __ became centre of Jain art. The spread of Jainism in Karnataka is due to __

Samparati; Mathura; Chandragupta Maurya

9. How were Digambaras and Shwetambaras formed?

After the death of Mahavira during the reign of king Chandragupta Maurya a severe famine led to the migration of some Jains under Bhadrabahu to the Deccan. They maintained nudity and were called Digambaras (sky clad or naked). Sthulavadra remained in North and allowed wearing white garments and Jains under him were thus called Shwetambaras (white clad).

10. What are the five main teachings or vows in Jain?

Non Injury (Ahimsa); Non Lying; Non Stealing; Non Possession (Aparigraha) and Observe Continence (Brahmacharya). Last one was added by Mahavira.

11. In which language is Jain litereature written and what does it comprises of?

Most of the literature is written in Prakrit. It contains 12 Angas, 12 Upangas, 10 Prakirna, 6 Chedsutras, 4 Mulasutras

12. What are the similarities of Buddhism and Jainism?

Both believed in the theory of karma, doctrine of ahimsa, simple living and high thinking

13. Write the names and symbols of main tirthankaras?

The following points illustrate this:

- 1st tirthankara was Rishabha with symbol Bull

- 22nd tirthankara was Arishtanemi (Neminath) with symbol Conch Shell

- 23rd tirthankara was Paraswanath with symbol Serpent (he turned ascetic at 30yrs, got enlightenment on Sammeya mountain)

- 24th tirthankara was Mahavira with symbol Lion

14. What is the classification of devotees of Jainism?

Check the following points:

- Tirthankara: one who attained Nirvana

- Arhat: one who is about to attain Nirvana

- Upadhyaya: who is the saint teacher

- Acharya: one who is the head of ascetic group

- Sadhu: which includes the rest

15. What do you know about two Jain councils?

Check the following table:

Name	Description
First council	Held at Pataliputra by Sthulavadra in the beginning of third century BC. It resulted in the compilation of 12 Angas to replace the lost 14 Parvas
Second council	Held at Valabhi in the 6th (513AD) century AD under the leadership of Devaradhi Kshamasramana and resulted in final compilation of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas