Important Constitutional Amendments

1. Amendment of Constitution is mentioned in which Article?

Article 368 in part 20 of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution

2. What is the process of amendment of Constitution?

An amendment can be initiated only by the introduction of bill for the purpose in either house of Parliament but not in State Legislature. The bill can be introduced either by Minister or by private member and does not require prior permission of President. The bill must be passed by houses with special majority that is two third of the members of the house present and voting. In case of deadlock between the two houses over the bill there is no provision of joint sitting. The President must give his assent to the bill. He can neither withhold his assent to the bill nor return the bill for reconsideration of Parliament. After Presidents assent the bill becomes an act

3. What are the main amendments of forty fourth amendment act 1978?

Right to property taken away from list of fundamental rights and placed in a new Article 300A as mere legal right

4. What are the main amendments of ninety sixth amendment act 2011?

Substituted “Odia” for “Oriya”

5.What are the main amendments of first amendment act 1950?

They are:

- It provided several new grounds of restriction to the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to practice any profession or to carry on any trade or business as contained in Article 19.

- The amendment also inserted two new Articles 31A and 31B and the ninth schedule to give protection from challenge to land reform laws.

6. What are the main amendments of forty second amendment act 1976?

The following points illustrate this:

- These amendments were mainly for purpose of giving effect to recommendations of Swaran Singh committee.

- The words Socialist, Secular and Integrity added to preamble.

- Fundamental duties added to part 4a and made a new Article 51a.

- DPSP was given precedence over Fundamental rights.

- Authorized Supreme Court to transfer certain cases from one High Court to another

- Redefined writ jurisdiction in High Court.

- Provided administrative tribunal for speedy justice.

- Empowered centre to deploy armed forces in state to deal grave law and order situations.

- Authorized President to proclaim emergency.

- By this amendment it was made obligatory for the President to act on the advice of council of ministers.

- Tenure of Lok Sabha and state assemblies was increased by one year.